Blog Content

Microteaching

Qualities/Competencies of a physical science teacher

i. Competencies related to planning

 Familiar with national and state policies of education.

 Identifying instructional objectives.

 Designing learning experiences.

 Using students prior knowledge and life experience to enrich learning.

 Incorporating various instructional strategies.

 Develop supplementary learning material for innovative learning.

 Utilize external resources to bridge the gap between syllabus and available materials.

 Ability to handle and use laboratory apparatus

 Ability to incorporate ICT resources.

 Utilization of instructional time as well as leisure time, improvised aids etc.

ii. Competencies related to teaching

 Specialized knowledge in science

 Integrating content and method

 Timely and appropriate use of instructional resources effectively.

 Modify the plan to cater the need of students.

 Engaging with students in developing problem solving skills and critical consciousness.

 Sustain a classroom environment conducive for construction of knowledge.

iii. Competencies related to assessing

 Ability to construct test items to evaluate learning outcome.

 Proficiency in using recent techniques of assessment

 Ability to give corrective and suitable feedback

 Remedial teaching

 Assessment of co-curricular activities – science club, fair, projects, exhibitions, fieldtrips.

 Ability to organize and assess science related innovative programs, workshops, seminar, debates etc.

Profession : Teaching as a Profession

The word „Profession‟ is derived from the Latin word „profiteor,‟ which means „to profess‟.

“A profession may be defined as an occupation-based upon specialized intellectual study and training, the purpose of which is to supply skilled service or advice to others for a definite fee or salary.” ~ Saunders~

A profession is an occupation with a set of competency-based knowledge acquired through many years of academic training, the goal of its members being a commitment to service guided by a code of ethics.

A professional is one who possesses specialized knowledge and skillsets and has a commitment to a particular code or set of values and their application in service of humanity.

• The profession requires a formal educational qualification
• mastery of skills
• prolonged training
• code of ethics.
• demands a possession of specialized knowledge and skills with extended practical training.
• it sets up its own professional organization

Characteristics of a Profession

• it has a clearly defined membership of a particular group with a view to safeguarding the interest of the profession.
• it renders an essential social service.
• it demands continuous in-service training of its members.
• it must have responsibilities and social justice.
• Entry into the Profession is strictly controlled: It is strictly guided by setting and enforcing standards for selection, training, licensure and certification. There should always be an entry qualification.

• Legal Recognition of the Profession : The public should recognize a typical profession. For eg, teachers, doctors, lawyers and engineers are highly recognized and respected in the society. The public trusts their judgment and skills because of their outstanding services to humanity.
• Motivation on Public Services : The professional practitioners pledge their first concern to the welfare of the clients.The income of professionals is generated by charging a fee or salary for the service rendered to their clients.
• Licensed Practitioners : Professions seek to establish a register or membership so that only those individuals so licensed are recognized as bonafide. Professionals habitually work directly with their clients rather than through intermediaries or proxies.
• A professional should have qualities like Honesty, Humbleness, Loyalty & Commitment, Self temper /Tolerance, Punctuality & Regularity, Accountability

Teaching as a Profession

Teaching, The mother of all professions; the noble profession that creates all other professions.

The teacher shapes the destiny of the nation through the education of young minds.

According to Albert Einstein

“Teaching is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.”

A career that receives high respect in the society.

Teaching should be a passion … service to mankind.

The best teacher teaches from the heart not from the book.

Even in ancient age disciples and society are highly indebted to their teachers throughout their lives and worshipping the teacher as divine.

The essential qualities of a teacher include activeness, awareness, trust relationship, learning ability, punctuality, resourcefulness, effective teaching skills, communicative skill, moral code, competency in global market, critical consciousness and logical thinking, scientific attitude, soft skills, etc.

Besides these, the teacher should possess the necessary academic qualification, professional education and practical knowledge of child psychology

T = talent, tolerance, truthfulness

E = enthusiasm, efficient

A = academic aristocracy, affectionate, accountability

C = commitment, curious, confident

H = honest, humour, hard-working

E = ethical, energetic, empathy

R = resourceful, rational

Teaching…

• It requires a sound body of knowledge.
• It requires specialized training and practice.
• It is a multi-skilled process
• It creates all professionals.
• It has a rigid code of ethics.
• It possesses high social status & dignity.
• It focuses on character formation
• It emphasizes on social & moral values
• It requires continuous updating of one‟s knowledge.

TEACHER AS A LEADER

“The destiny of a nation is shaped in her classrooms and teachers serve as the driving force in moulding best citizens.”

So the teacher should assign the role of a leader under the following heads

1. As an instructional input

2. As a manager

3. As a facilitator

4. As a counselor

5. As a community leader

6. As a systemist

Teacher as an instructional input

Teacher as a reservoir of knowledge. It refers to the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values which students are required to acquire in accordance with our national goals. In order to play this role effective, the teacher has to

1. Update his own knowledge

2. Read widely

3. Adopt appropriate and innovative teaching strategies and practice

4. Come down to the horizontal level of the students

5. Emphasize on learner rather than teaching

6. Use variety of improvised learning aids with greater skill and efficiency

7. Provide equal opportunity to students for fruitful learning irrespective of their caste, religion, community, sex and disability

8. Encourage students to review, rehearse and practice

9. Conduct continuous and comprehensive evaluation

10.Make diagnosis of students learning difficulties

11.Provide remedial instruction to students

Teacher as a manager

As a manager the teacher has to

1. Plan his work carefully

2. Set his objectives; short term and long term objectives clearly

3. Organize students and physical resources systematically

4. Execute his plans properly

5. Control and monitor the process regularly

6. Evaluate the performance of the group continuously

7. Modify his plan as and when necessary

8. Follow the principles of democracy in classroom management

9. Create a conducive learning environment

10. Be a leader of the group under his charge

11.Be approachable and understanding in nature

Teacher as a facilitator

As a facilitator a teacher must

1. Be warm, understanding and self-controlling

2. Listen attentively and accept students feelings and ideas

3. Observe students‟ reaction skillfully

4. Ask questions to students , praise and encourage when necessary

5. Be responsible, systematic, flexible and work- oriented

6. Explain things clearly and reward fairly

7. Encourage students to dream high and think out of box

8. Foster creative thoughts

9. Encourage classroom discussion, panel discussion, peer tutoring and co-operative learning.

10 Lecture, demonstrate and explain things with examples

11.Promote joyful learning

12. Encourage independent study habits

Teacher as a counselor

As a counselor teacher creates situations whereby students will be able to develop insight into their problems and make their own decisions to solve their own problems.

As a counselor, the teacher has to

1. Help students to choose subjects in accordance to their needs, interests and abilities

2.Help students to choose streams in medical non-medical and humanities in higher education in accordance with their aptitudes and aspirations

3. Assist students to take advantage of scholarships and financial assistance

4. Advice students on the procedure of admission in the institutions of higher education

5. Help students in developing proper study habits

6. Help students to choose appropriate books and reference materials

7. Assist students to solve their personal problems

8. Help students to solve their health problems

9. Guide students to make proper use of leisure time

10. Assist students in their personality

Teacher as a community leader

The most fascinating role, teacher as a social engineer

As a community leader the teacher has to

1. Create awareness among community members about welfare schemes

2. Participate in developmental programmes initiated by the government and local bodies

3. Organize advocacy programmes relating to these schemes, educational reforms and innovations

4. Mobilize the community for participation in all such activities for the attainment of the goals set in the stipulated period

5. Advice and guide the community for communal harmony, emotional and national integration

6. Participate the community in literacy campaigns, population education, environmental cleanliness, immunization, tree plantation, crisis and disaster management

7. Attend community meetings, festivals and functions which offer opportunity to the teacher for establishing contact with community leaders

8. Include the public in school programmes

9. Be familiar with all changes of community

10.Conscientize with the development in educational policies and programme.

Teacher as a systemist

A modern teacher depends on various instructional inputs for making the instructional process effective. As a systemist the teacher has to

1. Select the most essential appropriate instructional input from the available alternatives.

2. Evolve a new instructional system

3. Decision making with regards to the inputs to be used for a particular instructional context.

4. Integrate instructional inputs

5. Equip outside the system boundaries

6. Create and improve the system rather than a participant or a subsystem within the instructional system.

Leadership

College Magazine : 2016-17 What's Down

Ugc - Net : Nov 2017 : Education : Paper : 2

  1. Which of the following combinations of statements justify the study of Educational Philosophy

in a teacher education course ?

(a) Philosophy helps in developing relationships between terms and concepts.

(b) Philosophy clarifies the meaning of concepts underlying education.

(c) Philosophy is a tool for use in various subjects.

(d) Philosophy develops holistic perception of educational issues.

Code :

(1) (a), (b) and (c) 

(2) (b), (c) and (d)

(3) (a), (b) and (d) 

(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

2. Which of the following combinations of statements would be associated with a naturalistic

stance ?

(a) Museums and Zoos orient man to learn about nature.

(b) Life is ultimately governed by the laws of nature.

(c) The aim of education is to help a child realise his/her goals.

(d) Sciences are the gateways of learning.

Code :

(1) (a), (b) and (c) 

(2) (a), (b) and (d)

(3) (b), (c) and (d) 

(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

3. Which school of Philosophy would favour the statement, “Since both pain and pleasure are

the wealth of man, they are his good teachers” ?

(1) Existentialism 

(2) Naturalism

(3) Idealism 

(4) Pragmatism

4. In dealing with the problems of education, which of the following combinations will be

supported by a teacher of Marxist orientation ?

(a) The aim of education is to help in the creation of a classless society.

(b) Science and technology help in the development of society.

(c) Individual freedom accelerates the progress of society.

(d) Progress of society implies subsequent changes in the means of education.

Code :

(1) (a), (b) and (c) 

(2) (b), (c) and (d)

(3) (a), (c) and (d) 

4) (a), (b) and (d)

5. “This universe is constantly evolving through the cycles of ‘sarg’ and ‘pralay’.” This statement

would be endorsed by the Philosophy of :

(1) Sankhya 

(2) Vedanta

(3) Buddhism 

(4) Jainism

6. Which of the following mandate will be supported by a teacher with leanings in Buddhist

Philosophy ?

(1) Teacher is greater than God. So follow him.

(2) Always strive for attaining the best in life.

(3) Be your own guide in life.

(4) Experiences are great teachers.

7. Match the items of Set - I embodying a list of educational thinkers with Set - II which

indicates their work. Select the appropriate code for your answer :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set I  : Educational Thinker	Set II : Work
a) Gandhi	(i) Savitri
b) Tagore	(ii) Geeta Rahasya
c) Sri Aurobindo	(iii) Brahma Sutra
d) Vivekananda	(iv) Practical Vedant
	(v) My Experiments with Truth
	(vi) Universal Man

Code :

    (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (v) (vi) (i) (iv)

(2) (v) (iii) (ii) (i)

(3) (vi) (iii) (iv) (ii)

(4) (ii) (vi) (iii) (iv)

8. ‘A teacher cannot truly teach unless he is learning himself’ is a viewpoint articulated

particularly by :

(1) Gandhi 

(2) Tagore

(3) Sri Aurobindo 

(4) Vivekananda

9. The value of liberty in Indian constitution implies that :

(1) A teacher will advocate full liberty and freedom.

(2) A teacher should help students to be free from influence of dogmas and fears in life.

(3) A teacher can teach anything, even outside the syllabus.

(4) A teacher should inspire his students to feel good.

10. Who among the following is not a logical positivist ?

(1) Morris L. Biggie 

(2) A.J. Ayer

(3) Bertrand Russell 

(4) Henry Bergson

11. Analysis of sociological processes involved in educational institutions is a specific concern of

which of the following ?

(1) Sociology of education 

(2) Anthropology of education

(3) Cultural anthropology 

(4) Politics of education

12. Assertion (A) : Education and religion are real friends.

Reason (R) : Both lead to spiritual enhancement.

Select the correct code from the following :

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.

(4) Both (A) and (R) are true.

13. Arrange the following influencing factors of education in the most appropriate sequence :

(a) Democracy 

(b) Religion

(c) Politics 

(d) Modernization

Code :

(1) (b), (c), (a), (d) 

(2) (a), (b), (d), (c)

(3) (c), (a), (b), (d) 

(4) (d), (b), (a), (c)

14. Education is a factor that explains social change in various ways. Which of the following

will be considered as the most appropriate indicators in this regard ?

(1) Reflection, Assimilation, Production

(2) Research, Reflection, Transmission

(3) Investigation, Reflection, Attitude formation

(4) Assimilation, Preservation, Transformation

15. The most powerful constraint in attaining universalization of primary education in India is

related to :

(1) Caste consideration 

(2) Regional politics

(3) Availability of teachers 

(4) Financial allocation

16. For the purpose of community experience to students, which of the following will be most

appropriate ?

(a) Providing opportunities of working with community.

(b) Participating in lecture programmes on community life.

(c) Organising frequent interactions with respected members of the society.

(d) Arranging film shows showing real community life.

(e) Focussing on community interests.

(f) Resisting collaborative activities.

Select the correct code :

(1) (a), (f), (b) and (d)

 (2) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

(3) (b), (c), (f) and (a) 

(4) (c), (a), (e) and (b)

17. Below are given a number of concepts in Set - I and their descriptions in Set - II. Match the

items in Set - I with that of Set - II :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set - I : (Concepts)	Set - II : (Description)
(a) Social stratification	(i) Ensuring equality of educational opportunities
(b) Social mobility	(ii) Development of knowledge and skills in society
(c) Social change	(iii) Denotes high level of interactions among learners.
(d) Social equity	(iv) Stands for closed systems with less scope of interaction within
	(v) Moving from one level to the other similar or higher

Select the correct code :

   (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

(2) (i) (iii) (v) (ii)

(3) (iv) (v) (ii) (i)

(4) (iii) (ii) (i) (v)

18. Which one of the following factors is associated with positive social change ?

(1) Cultural inertia 

(2) Fear of consequences

(3) Dogmatic outlook 

(4) Striving for excellence

19. Which of the following society will promote caste loyalty ?

(1) Society in flux 

(2) Open society

(3) Closed society 

(4) Merit based society

20. Social relevance of education is justified on the basis of which of the following ? Choose from

the code to indicate your answer :

(a) Education as a source of understanding human values

(b) Education as a means of acquiring social and technical skills

(c) Education as a factor for creative pursuits

(d) Education as a job provider

(e) Education as a context for the emergence of wisdom

(f) Education as basically an information giving process

Code :

(1) (b), (c), (d) and (e) 

(2) (a), (b), (c) and (e)

(3) (c), (d), (e) and (f) 

(4) (d), (e), (f) and (a)

21. As a new discipline ‘Educational Psychology’ has developed owing mainly to the interactive

relationship of the following :

(1) Philosophy of Education, Sociology of Education and Educational processes

(2) Behaviour Sciences, Educational processes and various methods of inquiry in Psychology

(3) Psychology, Anthropology and clinical methods

(4) Psychology, Sociology and Experimental methods

22. According to Piaget, in which stage of development the child shows attainment of concept

of reversibility as a cognitive capacity ?

(1) Sensory motor stage 

(2) Pre-operational stage

(3) Concrete operational stage 

(4) Formal operational stage

23. In the following statements are given some indicators of development during various stages

of development. Select that set of statements, from the code which points out most

appropriately these developmental features :

(a) There appears change in the size of the person.

(b) There is a change manifest in the personal relationships of the individuals.

(c) The bodily organization and various organs of the person show change in proportion.

(d) The thinking of the person changes.

(e) There occurs disappearance in the old features of the person.

(f) There is perceptible change in the attitude of the person.

(g) There develops acquisition of new features.

(h) The language of the person undergoes a change.

Code :

(1) (a), (b), (c) and (d) 

(2) (e), (f), (g) and (h)

(3) (a), (c), (e) and (g) 

(4) (c), (d), (e) and (f)

24. Which of the following statements indicate the features of social development during

adolescence ? Select from the code to indicate your answer :

(a) The adolescent develops a norm for evaluation of one’s own conduct.

(b) There is manifest a capacity for both convergent and divergent thinking in the adolescent.

(c) There is expansion in the vocabulary of the adolescent.

(d) The adolescent girl or boy shows tendency for hero worship.

(e) The adolescents are usually moody.

(f) Formation of cliques takes place during adolescence.

Code :

(1) (a), (b) and (d) 

(2) (b), (c) and (e)

(3) (c), (d) and (e) 

(4) (a), (d) and (f)

25. Which of the following types of intelligence reaches an optimal development ceiling ?

(1) Emotional intelligence 

(2) Social intelligence

(3) Cognitive intelligence 

(4) Spiritual intelligence

26. There are two sets given below, Set - I mentions the theories of intelligence while Set - II

provides the chief proponents of the theories of intelligence. Match the two sets and indicate

your answer by selecting from the code :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set - I :(Theories of intelligence)	Set - II : Proponents of the theories of intelligence
(a) Group factor theory	(i) Daniel Goleman
(b) Hierarchical structure theory	(ii) Guilford
(c) Structure of intellect model	(iii) Burt
(d) Emotional intelligence theory	(iv) Vernon
	(v) Spearman

Select the correct code :

Code :

   (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

(2) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(3) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

(4) (i) (iv) (iii) (v)

27. Which of the following laws/principles of learning of Thorndike anticipated the classical

conditioning paradigm of Pavlov ?

(1) Law of exercise

(2) Law of effect

(3) Principle of prepotency of elements

(4) Principle of associative shifting

29. Below are given two sets, Set - I which gives modalities of operant conditioning and Set - II

which provides the types of reinforcement, the types of responses (responses made or

withheld) and the presence or absence of cue. Match the two sets and indicate your answer

by choosing from the code :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set I ; (Modalities of operant conditioning procedures)	Set II : (Conditions and contexts)
(a) Reward training	(i) Positive reinforcement, response made, with cue present
(b) Escape training	(ii) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent
(c) Discriminated omission training	(iii) Positive reinforcement, response made with cue absent
(d) Active avoidance training	(iv) Negative reinforcement, response made with cue absent
(e) Punishment training	(v) Positive reinforcement, response withheld with cue present
	(vi) Negative reinforcement, response withheld with cue absent

Code :

     (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(1) (iii) (iv) (v) (i) (vi)

(2) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

(3) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

(4) (i) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

30. Which of the following in Tolman’s revision of his system represents motivational principle of

Freud ?

(1) Equivalence beliefs 

(2) Drive Discrimination

(3) Cathexis 

(4) Field Cognition Mode

31. In the following two sets, Set - I indicates the theory of motivation while Set - II gives the

name of the promoters of these theories in a random order. Match the two sets and indicate

your answer by selecting from the code given below :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set I ; (Theory of Motivation)	Set II : (Promoters of theories of motivation)
(a) Theory of Self Actualization	(i) Allport
(b) Theory of Achievement Motivation	(ii) Maslow
((c) Theory of Ego-involvement	(iii) Alderfer
(d) ERG Theory	(iv) Meclelland
(e) Functional Autonomy Theory	(v) Sherif and Cantril
	(vi) Harlow

Code :

      (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

(2) (ii) (iv) (v) (iii) (i)

(3) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

(4) (iii) (iv) (ii) (v) (vi)

32. ‘Synectics’ is the method used for catering to which categories of children ?

(1) Gifted children 

(2) Backward children

(3) Retarded children 

(4) Creative children

33. For fostering creativity among children which of the following methods have been given a

trial ?

(1) Acceleration Approach 

(2) Enrichment Approach

(3) Brainstorming Procedures 

(4) Special Education Approach

34. There are two sets given below. In Set - I are indicated the personality theorists while in

Set - II are set forth the concepts specially advocated by them. Match the two sets and select

the correct code to give your answer :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set I : (Personality Theorist)	Set II : (Concepts of personality advocated)
(a) Cattel	(i) The Anima and the Animus
(b) Allport	(ii) Striving for superiority
(c) Freud	(iii) Cardinal, central and secondary traits
(d) Jung	(iv) Surface and source traits
(e) Adler	((v) Id, Ego and superego
	(vi) Endomorph and Ectomorph

Code :

     (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)(vi)

(2) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

(3) (i) (ii) (iv) (v) (vi)

(4) (iv) (iii) (v) (i) (ii)

35. Which of the following sets of statements most appropriately conveys the process of

adjustment ? Choose from the code for your answer :

(a) Adjustment is a two-dimensional process.

(b) Mental health of a person is indicative of his/her adjustment.

(c) Adjustment implies satisfying one’s needs in a given environment.

(d) Conflicts and tensions are a part of the adjustment process.

(e) Adjustment is the goal of life.

(f) Adjustment and mental health are one and the same thing.

Code :

(1) (a), (b) and (c) 

(2) (b), (c) and (d)

(3) (a), (c) and (d) 

(4) (d), (e) and (f)

36. An investigator uses two matched groups to compare effectiveness of two methods of teaching

science. This study would come in the ambit of :

(1) Experimental study 

(2) Causal comparative study

(3) Descriptive survey study 

(4) Phenomenological study

37. Which of the following research types is most useful for the government in planning policies ?

(1) Correlational studies 

(2) Descriptive studies

(3) Experimental studies 

(4) Historical studies

38. Two lists are given below. Match the type of research given in List - I with the intended use

of research given in List - II. Choose appropriate code :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set I : (Type of Research)	Set II : (Intended Use of Research)
(a) Fundamental research	(i) Exploring applicability of research based knowledge in a given field
(b) Applied research	(ii) Advances scientific knowledge with addition of basic laws and principles
(c) Evaluation research	(iii) Attempts to establish universal generalization
	(iv) Explores research based knowledge about a specific practice

Code :

     (a) (b) (c)

(1) (i) (ii) (iv)

(2) (ii) (i) (iv)

(3) (iii) (ii) (i)

(4) (iv) (i) (ii)

39. When two genuinely dichotomous variables vary together in the same or opposite directions,

the appropriate measure for indicating relationship is :

(1) Partial correlation 

(2) Multiple correlation

(3) Point biserial correlation 

(4) Phi coefficient of correlation

40. A significant correlation between two variables X and Y indicates that :

(1) X and Y are independent 

(2) X and Y vary together

(3) X causes Y to vary 

(4) Y causes X to vary

41. ___________ is a review process which uses statistical techniques to synthesize the results of

independently conducted prior studies.

(1) External criticism 

(2) Internal criticism

(3) Meta analysis 

(4) Trend analysis

42. An investigator wants to study the effect of gender on attitude towards Internal Evaluation

by using two groups of students. The nature of this study would be :

(1) Descriptive survey 

(2) Experimental

(3) Causal comparative 

(4) Correlational

43. Which of the following tools is most appropriate for assessing deeper aspects of personality ?

(1) Sentence Completion Test 

(2) Summated Rating Scale

(3) Vocational Interest Inventory 

(4) Verbal Aptitude Test

44. ‘Guess who technique’ is used to study :

(1) Differential Aptitude 

(2) Interpersonal Relations

(3) Personality Profiles 

(4) Vocational Preferences

45. Select the correct sequence of the steps followed in Analytical research process. Choose your

answer from the appropriate code given below :

(a) Identifying facts and seeking collaboration

(b) Applies techniques of criticism to relevant sources of data

(c) Uses specialized bibliographies and indexes to locate sources

(d) Selects a research topic

(e) Acquires background knowledge for the problem statements

Code :

(1) (a), (c), (b), (d), (e) 

(2) (b), (d), (c), (e), (a)

(3) (c), (e), (b), (a), (d) 

(4) (d), (e), (c), (b), (a)

46. The mean and standard deviation of a set of scores are 50 and 10 respectively. If each raw

score is increased by 3, the new mean and standard deviation would be :

(1) (53, 13) 

(2) (50, 13) 

(3) (53, 10) 

(4) (50, 10)

47. Which of the following statements is not related to Ex Post Facto research ?

(1) Random assignment of subjects to the treatment group is not possible

(2) Dependent variable is measured first and independent variables are studied after that

(3) Provide support to any number of different and sometimes contradictory hypotheses

(4) It is possible to exercise much rigorous control in the study

48. Match the items in List - I (Techniques of sampling) with that of List - II (characteristics of

procedure). Choose appropriate code for your answer :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set I : (Techniques of sampling)	Set II : (Characteristics of procedure)
(a) Purposive sampling	(i) Dividing the population into subgroups and taking one or more groups at random
(b) Multistage sampling	(ii) Researcher relies on his or her own judgment when choosing members from the population
(c) Systematic sampling	(iii) Obtaining K ‘interval’ through N/n and using it for constituting the sample
(d) Stratified sampling	(iv) Researcher divides the entire population into homogeneous subgroups and randomly selects the final sample.

Code :

      (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

(2) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

(3) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

(4) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

49. A researcher commits type II error when she/he :

(1) Accepts null hypothesis when it is true.

(2) Rejects null hypothesis when it is true.

(3) Accepts null hypothesis when it is false.

(4) Rejects null hypothesis when it is false.

50. Below are given some specific features in research as Set - I while their descriptive explanations

in Set - II. Match the items of Set - I with that of Set - II and choose correct code :

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Set - I : (Features)	Set - II : (Descriptive explanations)
(a) Empiricism	(i) Data collection and analysis procedure from which only one interpretation can be made
(b) Precision	(ii) Results can be confirmed or revised in subsequent research
(c) Parsimonious explanation	(iii) Guided by evidence obtained from systematic research methods
(d) Verification	(iv) Reduce complex realities to simple explanation of phenomena
	(v) Extensive and detailed description including instrument validity and reliability

Code :

    (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (iii) (v) (iv) (ii)

(2) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

(3) (ii) (i) (v) (iii)

(4) (iv) (v) (ii) (i)